As you all know, our school has an honor code by which we are expected to abide on every quiz, test, assignment, meal—okay, maybe not meal, but you get the idea. Allow me to pose a simple, but critical, question, though: what exactly is meant by “honor”?

To be Nixonian for just a moment, let me be perfectly clear: I fully support the idea of an honor code and believe schools without one should consider adopting one. My intent here is to unpack the meaning behind it and the way in which it is enforced. For what good is an honor code without an understanding of its essence, a recognition of its purpose? And if the Honor Code has become a collection of words and not an internal commitment to the virtue its title suggests, exactly what good does it serve?

Many, if not all of us, have had at least one professor who makes us write the Honor Pledge on an assignment—a lab report, a test, etc. We write out the words we’ve memorized—well, some of us have, anyway—like passive robots and think nothing more of it. What does that say about our commitment to honor, though? To put it another way, does it say anything?

Therein lies the point. At commencement we took an oath to stand by the Honor Code. Fine—great, actually. Fast forward a couple years, though: we’re still writing the Honor Pledge on our assignments. Why? Does signing the Honor Code one more time magically make you more honorable?

It’s an interesting question. Think of it this way. You get married. (Congratulations.) There you are with your spouse, taking marriage vows—an honor pledge if there ever was one. Now, imagine repeating those vows every day, even multiple times a day; and if you failed to, you could technically be violating them. How significant would the vows you took on your wedding day become?  Would they be especially meaningful at all? Heck, if you and your spouse found out that you had to repeat vows every day, you might not have married in the first place! Alright, maybe that’s a bit extreme, but it really was too tempting not to mention.

The point is that, when we write the Honor Pledge on virtually every little assignment we turn in, we do it for convention first, and honor second. There are many students who could not write the Honor Pledge and always be honorable, while others could write the Honor Pledge and not abide by its conditions. Honor has no price tag (though dishonor does), no need for textual qualification; it is revealed through action. Even in words, honor is defined only by one’s commitment to those words via action.

What can we conclude from this? Well, it seems that the need to repeatedly write the Honor Pledge is a formality without essence—perhaps more accurately, its formality has superseded its essence. Now, one could argue that the Honor Pledge reminds students of the oaths they took at commencement to obey the Honor Code. Permit me to be Kantian for a moment, though. If students need to be reminded to behave according to honor, not out of honor—indeed, if they have to be reminded at all—what does that say about their honor in the first place?

Honor is not won nor actualized by proclaiming it; in fact, the need to do so is often an indication of its absence. You cannot remind students to be honorable; you can only remind them to act in accordance with honor. Those who are honorable will obey the Honor Code anyway; those who are not will, at best, do so only because of the repercussions of being caught. Thus, the Honor Code’s net effect is largely to get the dishonorable to act in an honorable manner—it is a deterrent, albeit an admirable and valuable one. The value of the Honor Code lies not in its words, but in the values, the meanings, those words represent.

Recall Shakespeare’s King Lear. The king has three daughters: Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia. When dividing his kingdom among his daughters, King Lear promises the greatest share of land to whomever loves him the most. Yet this contest inevitably comes down to who proclaims the most love. Naturally, the affair turns into a flattery fest, and Goneril and Regan, desperate for power and sycophantic beyond measure, tell their father everything he wants to hear and then some. Cordelia, however, is genuine. Upstaged by her sisters, she cannot possibly compete with their insincere praise for their father, and so she admits of no more love than is natural between a daughter and a father. Cordelia offers no lavish praise, no dramatic accolades; she offers only truth and sincerity. This is not good enough, however, and Cordelia is chastised by her father. Pretense, not honor, triumphs.

For a “real-life” example, think back to elementary school. Troublemakers were punished by having to write some brief apology on the board multiple times. Was it what they wrote that caused them to repent? Not at all—it was the cramp in their hand. Yet it was always enough to placate the teacher—until the same student had to be punished again. Just how sincere were they, then?

Sure, words matter; but they matter because they have meaning. Endlessly repeating the same words does little but stray from that meaning, and diverts students’ attention from honor to finally penning the last word of a long sentence, the writing of which evokes more frustration than reflection. It makes for a great hand exercise, but not so much an ethical one. Once upon a time, we took a single oath to abide by the Honor Code. Isn’t that good enough?

On February 19, Gettysburg College hosted its fourth annual “Speak Up, Write Out” Media Summit. Held in the Science Center, the event attracted students from Gettysburg as well as from several nearby colleges and universities. Four break-out sessions were held in which representatives from local, national and international media outlets discussed their fields of work.

Each break-out session had three or four presentations which students could choose to attend, covering areas such as radio, filmmaking, TV broadcasting, and print journalism.

Panelists in the “Making an Impression: Print Media” session discussed the dos and don’ts of interviewing, how to make a standout résumé, and where to look for internships. Dick Hammerstrom, internship coordinator for The Free Lance-Star in Fredericksburg, Va., advised students of qualities which editors typically look for in internship candidates.

Cindi Lash, regional editor of Patch.com and former Sunday editor of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, discussed the future of journalism as more and more newspapers make the switch from print to online versions.

Representatives from The Washington Post, NBC News, CBS News, The New York Times, and the PBS News Hour shared success tips with students, emphasizing the importance of gaining experience while in college to assist with future career goals.

Several Gettysburg College alumni served on panels at this year’s conference, including Mike Howells, Peter MacLeod, and Laura Strickler.

“Speak Up, Write Out” was coordinated by Kaitlin Molloy, Anskar Fosse, Dave DeBor, Arielle Distasio, Josh Carmel, Sarah Flynn and Tommy Bender, with help from staffs of The Gettysburgian, Gburg TV, and the Forum.

This year, as part of Allies Week, comedian Heather Gold came to Gettysburg College and performed for a group of students who didn’t seem to know quite what to expect from the self-proclaimed “love child of Sarah Silverman and Rachel Maddow.” Equal parts raunchy, serious, awkward, and inspirational, her routine opened doors for the LGBTQQ community here on campus and opened the eyes of everyone less aware. It was more than just cracking jokes, mocking politicians, and making fun of people in the audience—although there was plenty of that too—it was an introduction to the life of Heather Gold, an extraordinary person.

She started by telling us about herself: what it was like growing up a Jew in Niagara Falls (which was a town built for a weekend’s stay, not nineteen years of life), going to Yale (which only had, like, one gay bar and it was scary) and then law school (she only went so she wouldn’t get kicked out of the country); her first kiss with a boy and her first kiss with a girl; her struggle to get pregnant and her recent divorce; her totally embarrassing crush on Sarah Palin. I could go on—she talked for three hours, although only a few (myself included) stayed the whole time.

Heather Gold saw the problem with Gettysburg College students after only a few slightly uncomfortable chuckles at some of her funniest, most queer material—we’re all, apparently, repressed, and need to get laid as soon as possible. She had gotten a chance to meet some of the members of Allies before the show, and they must have told her how difficult it was to be openly gay/bisexual on this campus (although it is surely true in many other places as well), particularly when it comes to meeting people, because by the end of the night (after nearly two hours of comedy, stories, and general chitchat) she was openly advocating for everyone to explore their queer side. She went around and asked everyone if they had ever been attracted to a member of the opposite sex, and, if so, would they consider a more serious relationship.

Only she asked it in a much more blunt and to-the-point sort of way. Which may sound terrifying to some, but I found it incredibly liberating. So many people tiptoe around the issue of sexuality—it’s refreshing to meet someone who is willing to step right up to the plate and be direct about it. And she listened to everyone’s answers, and she accepted all of them, and she understood—not without a fair amount of innuendo and jocularity, which lightened what could have been a very tense atmosphere otherwise.

I think, for at least those fifteen or so people who stayed three hours to talk to Heather Gold—not even listen to or laugh at, but engage in authentic conversation with—her direct approach, her humor, and her interest in every individual was a welcome reprieve from an otherwise generally repressive atmosphere. The Safe Zones for the LGBTQQ community around campus are wonderful, there’s no denying that—but the fact that they have to exist at all is unfortunately not complimentary towards the attitude of the average Gettysburg College student. Heather Gold is someone who deserves the chance to speak to more than just an audience of people seeking acceptance: she needs to speak to those who deny it, because if anyone can raise awareness and support for the  LGBTQQ (which stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning, in case you didn’t know) among us, she can. Her confidence in her sexuality and her own willingness to confront sexuality in others spread a little to everyone who saw her speak last Thursday: now it’s our job to pass it on a little further.

For more information about Heather Gold and the work she does advocating LGBTQQ rights, along with other fun stuff visit her website, http://heathergold.com, or look her up on Facebook.

Recycling has assumed a whole new meaning for this fall’s Introduction to Sculpture class. Using discarded tree branches from the college’s compost pile, combined with string and wire, members of the class have created four horse sculptures, which can be seen around Quarry Lake.

Led by Professor Mark Warwick, students in the class took a field trip to a local farm to get inspiration for their horse sculptures. Many sketched drawings of the horses and took measurements to use as guidelines.

Each group, comprised of three or four students, took a unique approach to the assignment, choosing different locations, body positions and combinations of materials to use for their horses.

Students were permitted to use wire, string or a combination of the two to hold their horses together. The groups agreed that string looked more natural, yet some sculptures depended on the strength of wire to keep their horses upright.

“The first two days were the hardest,” commented one student. “Trying to get it to stand up was really difficult.”

Two sculptures got their support from string suspensions tied to nearby trees. Once completed, the horses will be able to stand on their own. Others used stakes in the ground as bases upon which to support their sculptures.

“When doing a project like this, you have to act like an engineer,” said Professor Warwick. “You’re working against gravity.”

Members of the college’s cross country team, which regularly practices near Quarry Lake, have commended the sculptures, watching their progress over the past few weeks. In addition to Gettysburg College students, members of the community have appreciated the sculptures as well. According to Warwick, people who come to Quarry Lake to go fishing or enjoy a picnic have noticed and praised the creative sculptures.

The horse sculptures, having been completed within the previous week, will be graded on the 28th. All around, the students seem to be happy with how their projects turned out.

By Elizabeth Elliott and Liz Williams

On Wednesday, September 15, local author Kim Dana Kupperman read selections from her new collection of personal essays, I Just Lately Started Buying Wings: Missives from the Other Side of Silence (Graywolf, 2010). This event, sponsored by the Writing House, packed the Junction with students, professors, and members of the community.

Kupperman currently serves as the managing editor of The Gettysburg Review, a highly selective literary journal published by Gettysburg College. I Just Lately Started Buying Wings was the recipient of the 2009 Katharine Bakeless Nason Prize in Nonfiction from the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference.

Kupperman calls this recent publication a collection of stand-alone essays: “Some are linked by travel themes, some are linked by family themes, some are linked by language.” For Wednesday’s reading, she chose selections from an essay titled “Teeth in the Wind.” Through memories and personal reflections, Kupperman ruminated on family relationships and her response to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986.

Concluding her reading with a question and answer session, Kupperman gave advice to aspiring writers in the audience. She described her writing style as “catch as catch can,” explaining that she writes whenever she can find the time, and stressing that one should keep a notebook to record the events of the day.

“Everything I write starts in a notebook,” Kupperman said. “The notes don’t make it into the essays, it’s everything they provoke.”

Kupperman alluded to working on a second book which she hopes to release within the next few years. I Just Lately Started Buying Wings is on sale now at the bookstore.

By Rob Kellert

On September 11, 2010, the Gettysburg College Republicans, in association with the Young America’s Foundation, participated in the 9/11: Never Forget Project, displaying American flags on Stine Lake. In that spirit of remembrance, this article is dedicated to those who perished nine years ago this day.

In memory of those who fell at the hands of the enemies of freedom: men and women who brought light in the darkest hour; heroes who died that others might live; and patriots who said one last farewell to their cherished ones before meeting their Maker. May you never be forgotten; and may you rest in eternal peace, knowing that you left the world a better place.

8:00 A.M., September 11, 2009. The campus is quiescent, animated only by the strides of the few early risers. It’s a crisp, clear morning. The sun slowly ascends above the campus buildings. Its rays glitter the Gettysburg battlefield with vibrant light, rousing the morning dew from its nocturnal slumber. A tranquil, apropos silence looms over campus. Up above, a crystalline sky of blue greets those below, as it did one fateful day over the New York skyline nine years ago.

10:00 A.M. Stine Lake, barren only a couple hours past, abounds with American flags, Old Glory fluttering ever so slightly in the morning’s mild whispers. The array of flags assumes a triangular shape, each side of the triangle pointing to a site at which numerous American citizens perished with exemplary courage and fortitude. In the center of this triangle of red, white and blue, barely visible to the casual observer, rest a few flags arranged in a special pattern: “9-11.”

8:00 P.M. Stine Lake is empty, covered only in darkness; the red, white, and blue that adorned this ground are now nostalgic memories. The sun is setting. Clouds supplant the clear blue sky that marked this day of reflection. Come tomorrow, many, immersed in their own daily tasks, will forget this day and its significance; tempus fugit. But for a single day—just one of 365—we gave a reason to remember.

The Gettysburg College Republicans would like to thank President Riggs and all those who took time to thank us for our efforts. In perspective, though, it is we who are giving thanks—paying homage to those whose actions on one unforgettable September day epitomize the human potential for greatness and the inner goodness of our nation’s people. Learn from the dead; for as time and fate are eager to remind us, all glory is fleeting.

When the first-year students arrived in Gettysburg two weeks ago, they weren’t the only ones that had to adjust to some changes. Over the summer, some of the most popular spots on campus received noticeable modifications and adjustments. While most of these changes were met with enthusiasm from the student body, some of the locations just worked better before.

Upon arrival, many students were surprised to find that the Junction had been completely redone. The Junction, already a popular hang-out spot for eating and socializing, is now even more inviting with its modern furniture, upbeat color scheme and practical layout.

CAB sponsored a coffeehouse with Dana Alexandra last weekend, testing the accessibility of the Junction’s setup. Sophomore Kevin Lugo, who attended, called the new design “a mix of classy and retro,” praising its fresh and organized atmosphere.

In setting up for the coffeehouse, members of CAB noted that the furniture is lighter and easier to move. The awkwardly placed booths have been swapped with more seating that faces the stage. One disappointment, however, is the removal of the historical photographs of Gettysburg College from the back wall. These pictures added a homey and uniquely-Gettysburg feel to the Junction and their removal takes away some of its personality.

Servo also underwent some changes this summer. Upperclassmen felt like first-years hunting for things like the deli line, Panini maker and milk machine. The new A la Carte line offers healthier options, expanding Servo’s entrée choices. One downside to this addition is the creation of yet another line to dart around in the midst of the midday lunch chaos.

Additionally, the beloved Edy’s soft serve ice cream machines are no more. Despite their frequent breakdowns, we loved and appreciated those trusty old flavors like Chocolate Chip, Cookie Dough, and Espresso Chip. While some of these changes in food will take some time to get used to, the new energy-efficient lighting will be especially appreciated by those who found last year’s dim lighting a bit depressing.

Aside from Servo and the Junction, minor updates have been noticed in other places as well. The Center now has machines set up for students to swipe their ID cards, the Weidensall steps have been redone, and the floors in Schmucker have new carpets. As all change takes some time to get used to, hopefully the student body will accept it as beneficial.

The nation of Pakistan has been ravaged by floods since monsoons began in late August. At the time of this writing, an area the size of Italy has flooded as a result of these rains, with the UN estimating that over 20 million people have been affected or left homeless by the flooding. Recently I sat down with Gettysburg student and Pakistan native Abdur Rehman to discuss these events.

Brian: Tell us, Abdur, just where in Pakistan are you from?
Abdur: I am from the suburbs of Lahore, the capital of Punjab province. It’s close to the Indian border. Although River Ravi flows through it, it rarely experiences flooding, because Ravi has been dry for many years.

B: Does Pakistan flood regularly, or is this an uncommon occurrence?
A: Floods occur once or twice during the year, usually during the monsoon season. However, water is only a few feet and the main reason given is inadequate or slow drainage.

B: Why are this year’s floods so bad in comparison to years past?
A: There have been unprecedented rains this monsoon season. The wildfires in Russia created a low pressure area over Pakistan which attracted heavy torrential rainfall, never witnessed before.

B: How hard will it be for the country to recover?
A: It will take many years for Pakistan to recover. The sheer scale of the disaster, with more than 16 million people displaced, more than a million homes destroyed and 7.9 million acres of productive land devastated, will take much more than just aid. According to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, it is the worst humanitarian crisis in recent memory.

B: What has the world community done to help those affected?
A: Many countries of the world have donated for Pakistan flood relief. However, the total aid pledged is still way less than that $460mln required according to the UN, so more needs to be done.

B: Is there much that the Gettysburg community can do?
A: I am planning a fundraiser so students can volunteer hours to arrange and attend it. Spreading the word, even if it means tweeting/facebooking “Text FLOOD to 27722”, can go a long way.

B: Anything else you’d like to add?
A: I hope people donate for the humanity that is suffering due to the floods despite the negative image of Islam in general and Pakistanis in particular in the US media.

Currently Abdur is organizing a fundraiser to help those affected by the flooding, if you are interested in helping you can email him at rehmab01@gettysburg.edu.

Floating beer cans in the sink, a slippery film of brown sludge coating the floor, and questionable looking stains on the walls. No, it’s not a truck stop bathroom. That is a description of Gettysburg’s fraternity bathrooms. Girls need to know what to expect from each frat bathroom because, as we all know, going to the bathroom isn’t about actually going to the bathroom. With these ratings you will know what you’re in for when you need to make a quick escape from the dance floor.

1. Lambda Chi – By far my favorite bathroom. Not only is it relatively clean, it serves many social purposes as well. Every time I have been in that bathroom, myself or some other group of girls has congregated sitting atop those washing machines discussing the latest creepy drunk guy that has tried to get with every girl in the frat. When that same creep comes and starts dancing with you, grab some friends and take cover on the washing machines in the girl’s bathroom.

2. Sigma Chi – Once you finally trek through the snow on a Saturday night, you’re wet, cold, and pretty sure you’re makeup is smeared all over your face. The best place to go in this situation is Sigma Chi’s bathroom. Comparatively clean, this bathroom also has good lightening and big mirrors, so no matter how rough you look going in, you can come out looking as clean and new as though you just got out of the shower. For all anyone knows you could have, because there are two showers just waiting by the entrance.

3. Fiji – Aside from the use of this bathroom as a recycling bin for cans, Fiji keeps it pretty clean. I appreciate this fact when my friends insist on collecting all of the tabs off of the piles of half empty beer cans haphazardly stacked in the corners of the bathroom. If you need to cap off your tab collection or just don’t know what to do with an empty (or not so empty) can or cup, try the bathroom. You’ll be in good company.

4. ATO – Your dancing in ATO and across the floor you see that guy that you hooked up with last weekend.. The first thing that comes to mind is TOO MUCH TONGUE! You need an escape. Quickly you grab a friend and bolt to the bathroom, but alas, the line is too long! ATO’s bathroom is not one for a quick escape, but in non-emergency situations, it’s definitely worth the wait.

5. CROW – Slipping from the constant stream of beer flooding the dance floor is easy in Crow. Conversely, the bathroom floor is bone dry. This is probably due to the entire roll of toilet paper soaking up the pond “fratti light” in the bathroom. While it’s preferable not to have to wade through a swamp of beer to wash your hands, the soaking roll of toilet paper is of no help at certain critical moments.

6. Sigma Nu – Whenever I am in Sigma Nu’s bathroom, I feel like I’ve walked into one of Willy Wonka’s secret shrinking rooms. Everything in that bathroom seems miniaturized. I guess it’s a lazy person’s dream because you can reach anything by standing in one place. Above the paper towel-clogged sink is not quite a mirror, but rather some other metallic surface that distorts your face. The lines for the bathroom are probably so long because everyone needs to stall in confusion over the mini-fixtures and funhouse mirror.

7. Phi Delta Theta –Phi Del’s bathroom caters to both sexes as well as the gender confused having both a urinal and a toilet in the same room. One other warning: don’t be surprised if some small animal shoots out across the floor. It’s been known to happen.

8. Phi Sigma – Watch your feet at Phi Sigma because the toilets will overflow. Chances are, you are not the first person who has flushed that toilet tonight, so just imagine what you’re standing on right now. Don’t flush the toilets.

9. TKE – Who needs privacy when you’re at TKE? Their bathroom is not one that fosters much girl talk; it’s more of a get in, get out situation (that’s what she said). With no stall doors to the bathrooms, you will become very well acquainted with friends and …not friends. Not to mention the complete lack of toilet paper, the clogged sink, and the beer littered floor.

10. SAE - The most important thing you will need to know about SAE’s bathroom is that more people would rather go outside, than to use their actual toilets. If, however, you do choose to take on this bathroom, you will need reinforcements. Aside from the overall griminess, the doors to the graffiti smattered stalls do not lock and toilet paper in one or the other of the stalls will likely be out. In order to avoid the whole “can you spare a square” situation, make sure the person holding your door has some extra toilet paper.

As freshman Teddy Moses feels the top of his head, instead of pulling his fingers through his typical curly hair, he now skims over his freshly buzzed head. “It still surprises me when I look in the mirror,” said Moses. As a new recruit into the Reserve Office Training Corp., Moses is already adapting to a more military lifestyle by cutting his hair to regulation length.

In addition to the shaved heads, cadets dedicate their time and energy to the ROTC, a program that “takes civilians and makes them officers in the US army,” said freshman Ben Flanders. ROTC prepares college students for officer positions in the US military after graduation.

There are currently two cadets already enrolled in the program and three newly joined members. The two cadets currently enrolled are contracted, which means their college education is paid for and they get a monthly stipend from the army. Being contracted also means that after graduation, that student must serve for an allotted amount of time, usually four years.

Physically and mentally, people in the ROTC need to be up to military standards. Military science classes, leadership labs, and physical training are all components of the ROTC experience. Two or three times a week, cadets have physical training from 6:30 to 7:30 a.m. “You got to learn to love getting up early to go for a run,” said Flanders.

While Gettysburg has not had an ROTC program since 1990, the five Gettysburg students go to Dickinson College to participate in the program. Three to four times a week the cadets must take the 39-minute commute to Dickinson for classes and physical training. “The commute sucks, I’d like to have [a battalion] here [but] as much as I don’t like it, I deal with it,” said Flanders. “Sacrifice is what I’ve been about for a long time,” he said. Freshman Brett Clark, who plays on the baseball team, also finds the commute to be an inconvenience. “It’s like having another practice during the day,” he said.

Another inconvenience for Gettysburg students is the policy of the school to refuse class credit for military science classes taken through the ROTC. “It is an imposition on them,” said former Registrar Ron Couchman. Couchman was Registrar when the decision was made to cut class credit. “They have to do Dickinson coursework without getting Gettysburg credit,” he said. The cadets at Gettysburg seem to all agree that taking a class without getting any credit is the most annoying part of being in the program.

The school refuses to take credit from ROTC classes because at the time the decision was made to stop taking the credits, a majority of the faculty believed that “military science [was] not an appropriate type of credit for a liberal arts college,” said Couchman. The issue of the army’s discriminatory practices was also raised.

“The one frustrating thing is that Gettysburg acknowledges we take the class but they don’t give us credit because of ‘don’t ask don’t tell,’” said Clark. There have been some attempts over the years to change the policy by students, but the faculty’s decision remains the same.

While going to a liberal arts college can have its drawbacks with respect to ROTC, it’s also a great alternative for students as opposed to attending a military academy. Life at a military academy is much different than that of a liberal arts college. At the academy, he would only get a military experience, but by coming to Gettysburg Flanders said he “get[s] a college experience in addition to a military experience.”

While only five students are currently cadets, back in the ROTC’s heyday, around the 1940′s, “it used to be huge,” said Couchman. ROTC was “an integral part of the campus,” he said. In fact, the battalion at Gettysburg was the seventh battalion in the country to receive a charter.

One reason the enrollment numbers have changed over the years is because participation in ROTC exempted students from the Gettysburg physical education requirement. When Gettysburg did away with that requirement, the numbers began to dwindle and finally shut down in 1990. A small battalion was not the only reason Gettysburg ROTC was shut down. In the late 1980′s, the army was streamlining itself, which meant closing certain ROTC battalions across the country, particularly the smaller ones.

1984 Gettysburg graduate and former member in ROTC, Robert Weaver is sad to see Gettysburg without an ROTC battalion. The army’s streamlining “put to death one of the earliest ROTC formations, in the town whose very name is synonymous with saving government ‘of the people, by the people, for the people.’”

Even with the inconveniences of commuting and receiving no college credit, the cadets agree that the experience is worth it. Being a part of the United States military “is not a job, it’s a lifestyle, it’s a part of who you are. I couldn’t go back to being just Joe Schmo on the street,” said Flanders.